Types and Application of Zero-translation Words

The zero-translation words refer to the new words which are transformed from source language into target language by the informal words in the target language. The zero-translation words are fallen into 5 categories: 1) pure zero-translation words, 2) pure transliteration words, 3) words of combination of transliteration and semantic translation, 4) pictographic translation words, and 5) coinage of new characters. The rational of zero-translation words are embodied in the meaning, form, application, and propagation. More and more strategies and techniques should be explored in the translation and application of zero-translation words.