The Conceptual Difference of the Dialogues between China and the UK on the Eve of the Opium War

On the eve of the Opium War, the negotiations addressing the common problems between China and the UK were not unblocked.They had different institutions, cultures and concepts, and their dialogues were monologic.Chinese Tribute System reflected the concepts of superiority and inferiority in the foreign relations, while Britain within Vienna System had the principle of equality.China was a dynastic country, while Britain was a democratic state.China was ruled by man while Britain ruled by law.China preferred to collectivism, and Britain liked individualism and liberalism better.They could not be clearly known each other.In this context, the dialogues were failed.Then the final solution must be the use of military power.