In the three years from 1959-1961, the People's Republic of China encountered the most serious economic difficulties:the agriculture was almost ruined the production was at a standstill and the quality of farmers' life dropped to a rarely low level. Through taking field research to 9 villages in Nanyang City in Henan Province, the author got detailed documents about the true production conditions of rural residents in 1959-1961 and expected the work would deepen the academic research on this history.