A Narrow Definition of Ecolinguistics and Review of Extant Literature Abroad
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摘要: 基于Citespace的文献可视化分析及研究热点知识图谱显示，当前的语言生态学研究存在研究边界模糊的问题。进一步的文献梳理与分析表明，尽管广义的语言生态学包括生态话语分析或生态语言研究（language of ecology），但狭义的语言生态学研究应当聚焦“语言的生态”（ecology of language）。以此为基础，文章针对语言演变、语言濒危现象及保护、主导语言、双语及多语现象等主要议题对国外狭义的语言生态学研究进行回顾，继而指出该领域在研究边界、研究思路、研究内容、研究方法等方面存在的局限，并基于所存在的问题展望未来研究方向。后续语言生态学研究应当充分借鉴生态学中成熟的概念、理论、模型及方法，充分关注语言与环境的双向互动关系，并不断拓展研究情景和研究思路。Abstract: Visualized Citespace analysis shows that extant ecolinguistics studies are with vague boundaries. Based on literature analysis, this paper points out that although ecolinguistics now broadly incorporates discourse analysis of ecology or language of ecology, a narrow definition of ecolinguistics pinpoints at ecology of language. Following the narrow definition, we further review extant studies abroad on the relationship between ecology of language and language evolution, language reservation, dominant language, bilingualism and multilingualism, and find that previous studies have obvious limitations in defining boundary, approach, content as well as methodology, which are expected to be improved in future work. This paper maintains that future studies of ecolinguistics may borrow mature concepts, models, theories and methods from the ecology discipline, pay more attention to the interaction between language and environment, and thus extend research contexts and approaches.
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Key words:
- ecolinguistics /
- ecology of language /
- language evolution /
- language conservation /
- multilingualism
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表 1 语言演变代表性研究
主题 代表文献 主要关注点 语言演化 Buckley和Steele，2002[35] 社会及生态状况模型；发现人类语言能力的发展经历了“强烈的正面选择压力” 语言传播 Whitman，2011[39] 东北亚的语言显示出从南到北分散的现象，与农业向北和向东扩散的假设一致 语言接触 Adamou，2010[40] 两种语言形成了“稳定的混合语种”；人们语言使用习惯的变化 Jaspers和Van Hoof，2015[42] 混合使用荷兰语的语言习惯；去标准化 Sewell和Chan，2017[44] 英语和粤语的融合情况 语言标准化 Kulikova和Brusenskaya，2017[47] 社会进程带来的俄语环境危机，发现稳定的规范是语言生态健康的重要标志 
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