Foundation of the New Institutes at the Early Phase of the Republic of China

The institute in modern times was mainly transplanted and imitated from the West. In the late Oing Dynasty, the earliest new institute bore both traditional and modern charactes, with gentry as the main organizers. At early phase of the Republic of China, the transformed men who held the new knowledge were the organizers of the new institute. The institutes they founded in a great measure were pure scholar corporation. Various kinds of the institutes not only held a fixed organization and activity form, constituted instructed constitution, but also established the exact rules including naming, setting down the tenet, disposing mission, accepting members and selecting. They held an academic meeting each year as the main activity form, and at the same time they arranged library and special institute to take charge of the operation about creating, editing and publishing correlative books and magazines. All the above mentioned activities and rules strengthened the scholars' academic communication and developed various subjects.