Abstract: To define and expound the position, significance and value of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization in the evolution of Marxist thought on the relationship between humanity and nature, and even in the history of human environmental thought, and to conduct its scientific theoretical positioning, constitutes an essential requirement for clarifying the connotations of this thought in knowledge systems, academic disciplines and practical guidance. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is a landmark achievement in the CPC’s theoretical innovation on ecological civilization. From the perspective of theoretical relevance, it constitutes an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, together forming a logically rigorous and systematically comprehensive theoretical system. From the perspective of innovative pathways, it represents a major outcome of applying the “two intergrations” to ecological civilization construction, realizing a new leap in Marxist thought on the relationship between humanity and nature that adapts to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. From the perspective of historical genesis, it elevates the Party’s understanding of the laws of ecological civilization construction to an unprecedented height and opens up the ecological dimension of historical materialism. From the perspective of practical value, it provides fundamental guidance for comprehensively advancing the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature in the Beautiful China Initiative, demonstrating strong ideological leadership in terms of development concepts, construction goals, civilizational dimensions and other aspects. Scientific comprehension of the theoretical positioning of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is instrumental in advancing the indigenous knowledge system of China’s ecological civilization and informing its practical advancement.