Abstract: Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization embodies rich implications of a correct understanding of governance performance, encompassing six dimensions: a holistic understanding of governance performance that keeps in mind “the top priorities of the country”; a livelihood-oriented understanding of governance performance that upholds putting people first; a development-oriented understanding of governance performance that practices the “Two Mountains” concept; a pragmatic understanding of governance performance that emphasizes sustained and long-term efforts; a coordinated understanding of governance performance that upholds systematic governance; and a bottom-line understanding of governance performance that strictly safeguards ecological red lines. These six dimensions are interconnected and organically unified. They are grounded in the holistic laws of ecosystems while closely aligning with the orientation of high-quality development and people’s well-being. They provide profound answers to major questions in ecological civilization construction in the new era, namely, “for whom should performance be pursued, what kind of performance should be pursued, and by what means should such performance be achieved”. They offer fundamental guidance for leading officials at all levels to abandon the erroneous understanding of governance performance that seeks quick success and instant benefits or the pursuit of one-sided economic growth. Moreover, they hold significant theoretical value and practical guiding significance for promoting modernization characterized by harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, advancing the construction of a Beautiful China, and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.