Abstract: The view of governance performance is an important manifestation of the ruling party's governance philosophy and a crucial standard for regulating the governance behavior of leading cadres. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the advent of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, high-quality development and the modernization of the national governance system have become important goals of national development, and the traditional performance evaluation method centered on economic growth has gradually shown its limitations. From the perspective of the construction of a political discourse system, this paper systematically analyzes the scientific connotation, construction logic, and contemporary value of the discourse system of the view of governance performance in the new era, based on a review of the historical evolution of the Communist Party of China’s discourse on the view of governance performance. The study argues that the correct view of governance performance in the new era has formed a discourse system with putting people-first as its core value, high-quality development as its practical orientation, historical responsibility as its temporal dimension, and practical work orientation as its behavioral norm. This system is embedded in cadre assessment and national governance practice through institutional mechanisms, providing important value guidance for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.