Abstract: As a core component of national strategic scientific and technological strengths, the efficiency enhancement of high-level research universities is crucial for achieving high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology. Based on the strategic context of accelerating the realization of high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, this paper systematically elucidates the inevitability and urgency of strengthening national strategic scientific and technological strengths in high-level research universities from four logical perspectives encompassing historical evolution, international competition, social development, and scientific and technological advancement. Through an analysis of the current situation and by drawing on international experiences, it identifies core issues existing in these universities, such as in scientific research organization, achievement transformation, and evaluation mechanisms. Finally, the paper proposes targeted practical pathways oriented towards systemic reform. These include innovating scientific research organizational models, building long-term talent support systems, deepening industry-education integration mechanisms, expanding high-level international cooperation, and advancing institutional reforms. The aim is to provide theoretical support and decision-making references for fulfilling the national strategic mission of high-level research universities.