Abstract: Research-based education has become an important channel by which universities leverage the resource advantages of scientific research facilities to convert such research resources into educational resources. Taking the construction of large scientific facilities as an example, this paper first explains the connotation of research-based education, that is “knowledge construction, competency training, value shaping, character cultivation” and its features of integration, practicality, cooperation and leading nature. On this basis, the paper further analyzes its value at three levels: serving national strategic needs, enhancing the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of universities, and advancing the holistic development of students. Through an analysis of typical cases of large scientific facilities in China, this paper summarizes the common challenges and core experiences existing in current research-based education practices relying on large scientific facilities. Based on the above findings, the paper proposes systematic and operable suggestions covering four dimensions: deepening the integration of science and education and strengthening ideological and political guidance, perfecting top-level institutions as well as evaluation and incentive mechanisms, fostering research culture and educational atmosphere, and boosting interdisciplinary exchanges and social collaboration. This study aims to provide theoretical references and practical experience for universities to realize in-depth integration of scientific research and education via large scientific facilities and cultivate high-level innovative talents with both moral integrity and professional competence.