Indirect Responses to Information Seeking in Chinese Verbal Interaction
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摘要: 在言语交际活动中,听话人针对说话人的信息寻求经常做出间接回应。文章采用会话分析研究方法,以真实的汉语言语互动为语料,考察听话人对信息寻求行为进行间接回应的话轮设计、互动意义及其背后的社会规范。文章发现,作为“信息寻求—回应”相邻对的后件,间接回应在句法形式或话题内容上体现了对提问前件的阻抗。然而,间接回应并非对该相邻对结构之社会规范性的违背或偏离,而是反映了听话人对会话序列位置和交际语境的密切关注和严格推理,是会话参与者合作性与主体性的进一步体现。Abstract: Hearers frequently respond indirectly to speakers in Chinese verbal interaction. Adopting Conversation Analysis (CA), this study takes authentic talk-in-interaction as the corpus to explore the turn design of indirect responses, the interactional import, and the social norms behind them. The study finds that as the second pair part, the indirect responses reflect interactants’ resistance to the first pair part, viz. the information-seeking in terms of action agenda or topic agenda. However, the indirect responses do not violate or deviate from the social norms of the adjacency pairs, but display the hearer’s close orientation to and rigorous reasoning about the sequence position and the communicative context, which is a further embodiment of interactants’ cooperativeness and agency in conversation.
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Key words:
- indirect responses /
- information seeking /
- social norms /
- Conversation Analysis
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表 1 转写体例说明表
转写体例说明 (0.3) 沉默时长,单位为秒。若沉默出现在话轮转换相关处,则会在客观测量的时长基础上减去话轮转换的一般间隔0.2秒; (.) 小于0.2秒的短暂沉默; = 表示前后话语的紧密衔接。一般成对出现,一个在转写中一行话的末尾,另一个在一行的开头。
单独使用时常用在话轮转换相关处,表示新话轮构建单位的骤然增加;[ ] 标记话语重叠; . ? , “.”表示降调; “?”表示升调; “,”表示声调较平或略微上升; ° ° 表示音量远低于前言后语; ↑ 表示音调的突然升高; 才- “-”表示声音的突然中断; 唉:: “::”表示音节的拖长,每一个“:”代表0.1~0.2秒的拖长; > < 框起来的话语被压缩表述,语速明显快于正常节奏; 晚上 下划线表示强调的说话方式,包括响度增加或音调升高; .hhh 吸气音,一个“h”代表0.1~0.2秒; hhh. 呼气音,一个“h”代表0.1~0.2秒; ( ) 表示可能的发音; (( )) 双括号内为研究者给出的描述,而非对交际的如实转写; $...$ 说话伴随着笑声; 方框内文字 方框内文字为提问者的信息寻求行为; 阴影内文字 阴影内文字为答者的间接回应。 -
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