International Cooperationon the Governance of Infectious Diseases: History, Reality and Future

International cooperation is necessary for the governance of infectious diseases in the era of globalization.Since the middle of the 19th century, international cooperation of infectious diseases has gone through three stages:the rise and preliminary exploration from 1851 to 1947, the integration and rapid development from 1948 to 2002, and the reform and structural adjustment from 2003 to the present.At present, it still faces many challenges, such as the "non-cooperation problem" at the unit level, the "cost-bearing problem" of international public goods, the "South-North gap" in national governance capacity,the "cognitive dilemma" at the conceptual level.In the future, efforts should be made to deepen the reform of the mechanism to fully reflect the needs of emerging powers and developing countries; seize the key links and strive to build the core capabilities;rationalize various relationships and clarify the key directions; attach importance to case studies and disseminate successful experiences from the emerging powers.