Discussion on the “Business Paper” in Late Qing Dynasty and the Rise of “Commercial Studies” in the Modern Times

Decades from the Reform Movement to the end of the Qing Dynasty, under the influence of “commercial war”, “learn war”, several kinds of “business paper” emerged. They vigorously promoted the italization of commerce and idustry, published the commercial policy news and all kinds of discourse, of the Qing government, translatied of foreign commercial charter, commercial education and business books, to assume the spread of foreign modern “Business Studies” thought and knowledge before the appearance of business schools. In this paper, we sort out this issue in detail and preliminary analysis.