Virtue Epistemology's Response to Three Main Problems of Generic Reliabilism

According to process reliabilism, the justificatory status of a belief depends on the reliability of the belief-formation process, while it can't guarantee the reliability of the process to be bound to believer's justification, which will lead to the new evil-demon problem and the meta-incoherence problem. Besides, process reliabilism also faces the generality problem, that is how to define the universality of this process so that it can be applied to specific occasions. Taking intellectual virtue as the core concept, through the distinction between justification and aptness, animal knowledge and reflective knowledge, Sosa proposed a new response to these problems. However, Sosa is failed to bridge the gap between reliability and justification, his demands are too strict for believers, and the definition of the value of animal knowledge and reflective knowledge is unclear. Therefore, although virtue epistemology broadens our thinking to solve the three problems, it also leaves some problems to be discussed.