Study on the Principle of Direct and Verbal Trial and Criminal Witnesses to Testify in Court

In order to identify the facts of the case, the principle of direct and verbal trial is an inevitable requirement of modern litigation system in the trial of criminal cases, and the criminal witnesses must testify in the court. There are still many problems in the field of criminal legislation and judicial practice, and transcripts of the testimony of prosecution is still the normal state of the testimony of witnesses. The establishment of the call system of the witnesses, mandatory measures and terms of sanctions when witnesses refused to testify in the court, etc, are needed to address the problem.