This paper aims to explore the practical effect of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Policy (NRCMP) from the viewpoint of villagers in a north China village.Both qualitative and quantitative data show that villagers are totally very satisfied with the policy, but some of them complain about the high inpatient costs, low reimbursement rates and more reimbursement limits.It is necessary to improve the policy design, strengthen the policy propaganda, and perfect the rural health care system, if China wants to make the NRCMP more effective and efficient in the future.