Abstract: In the process of leading the socialist revolution and construction in Russia, Lenin engaged in profound theoretical reflection and practical exploration concerning the political ecology of Russian proletarian party, and formed an important thought on purifying the intra-party political ecology. Lenin emphasized that achieving this goal, criticism and self-criticism must be carried out, and the political life within the party must be taken seriously; implement extremely strict iron discipline and consciously strengthen discipline cultivation and discipline awareness; adhere to the political standards for selecting and employing people, pay attention to improving the quality of party members and strengthening political experience; actively transform Russia’s old political culture and build an intra-party political culture with socialist nature. A thorough exploration of the essence of Lenin’s thought on purifying the intra-party political ecology will help us to seek the theoretical basis for purifying the intra-party political ecology from Lenin, which is of great theoretical value and practical significance for the Communist Party of China to maintain a clean and upright political ecology in the new era, solve the unique problems of the big party and build a long-term ruling Marxist political party.