Abstract: Culture is the soul of a nation’s development. Throughout its 5,000-year history, the Chinese nation has nurtured an excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture, all of which serve as the driving force for cultural confidence. Young university students are practitioners of inheriting cultural development and strengthening cultural self-confidence, shouldering the honorable mission of cultivating cultural confidence, promoting cultural prosperity, and expanding cultural influence. However, in the current new era, surrounded and impacted by diverse ideologies and cultures, young university students have cognitive biases toward China’s excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture, which poses tests and challenges to fulfilling their cultural mission. Facing these challenges, it is essential to take Xi Jinping Thought on Cultural as the guidance to lead young university students to clarify the correct direction of the cultural mission, develop strong cultural construction skills, and effectively share China’s cultural narrative. Only in this way can they fulfill their historical mission of building a strong socialist cultural nation and modern Chinese civilization with firm cultural confidence.