From Institutional Regulation to Habitual Consciousness: Analysis of the Role and Path of Classification Supervisors in Promoting Public Participation in Garbage Classification
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摘要: “前端减量、分类与回收利用”成为回应“垃圾围城”困局的关键，然而在公众参与垃圾分类实践中却凸显“不参与、参与不足、不可持续”等核心难题。文章由此侧重讨论处于分类合作网络中“结构洞”位置的分类督导员所具有的信息和控制优势，以及频繁互动和场景化示范作用，从而成为破局关键。一是以双重角色为桥，搭建以公众参与为核心的分类合作网络；二是以频繁互动和场景化示范提升分类意愿，激发公众分类动力；三是以双边信息优势实现话语转换，引导公众内化制度规范；四是以软硬兼施的控制优势，监督公众分类行为“习惯化”转向，进而有效突破公众参与社区垃圾分类实践这“最后一公里”困境，并为生活方式绿色转型的多元化路径选择提供理论与现实参考。Abstract: “Front-end reduction, classification and recycling” has become the key to respond to the dilemma of “garbage siege”. However, in the practice of public participation in garbage classification, the core problems such as “non-participation, insufficient participation and unsustainable” are highlighted. Therefore, it is the key to discuss the information and control advantages of the classification supervisor who is in the “structural hole” position in the classification cooperation network, as well as the role of frequent interaction and scenario-based demonstration: first, to build a classification cooperation network with public participation as the core by taking the dual roles as a bridge; the second is to enhance the willingness and stimulate the motivation of the public to classify by frequent interaction and scenario demonstration; the third is to realize discourse transformation with bilateral information advantages and guide the public to internalize institutional norms; the fourth is to supervise the “habituation” of public classification behavior with the control advantages of both hard and soft, so as to effectively solve the “last kilometer” dilemma of the public participation in the practice of community garbage classification, and provide theoretical and practical reference for the diversified paths selection of lifestyle green transformation.
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1 参见2021年9月30日苏州市生活垃圾分类工作领导小组办公室发布关于进一步加强垃圾分类督导员管理的通知. https://docs.qq.com/pdf/DS3hiQVJVcWl2amlo?u=129702588e644436a24d8322c7212a49.2)2 “壹起分”社区计划：为了解决城市社区垃圾分类问题，2017年零废弃联盟在壹基金联合公益的支持下发起该项目，至今持续开展多期社会组织的培训和赋能计划，通过联合全国在地公益组织，唤醒和带动公众成为环保生活家，创建零废弃社区，让更多的组织、个人与社区参与垃圾分类与减量行动。3)3 访谈资料编码说明：8位数字为访谈日期(年4位+月2位+日2位)，大写英文字母为被访者姓名或称呼。 -
表 1 访谈对象基本信息分布表
3 序号 省市地区 访谈对象 主体类型 访谈资料编码② 1 湖北省武汉市 社会组织项目主任LY 社会组织 20210902LY 2 山东省青岛市 社会组织负责人XM 社会组织 20210831XM 3 江苏省苏州市昆山市 社会组织负责人WY、XH 社会组织 20210825WY、20230707XH、20230727XH/WY 4 江苏省苏州市昆山市 社区书记ZLN 社区 20230718ZLN 5 江苏省苏州市昆山市 物业经理YBA 物业 20230721YBA 6 江苏省苏州市昆山市 保洁和督导员组长SAX 物业 20230424SAX、20230722SAX 7 江苏省苏州市昆山市 居民LXY 居民 20230723LXY 8 江苏省苏州市昆山市 居民志愿者TXZ 居民 20230720TXZ 9 江苏省苏州市昆山市 居民、业委会ZXH 业委会 20230719ZXH 10 江苏省苏州市昆山市 督导员ZAY 督导员 20230424ZAY 11 江苏省苏州市昆山市 督导员WSF 督导员 20230722WSF 12 江苏省苏州市昆山市 督导员DXP 督导员 20230722DXP 13 江苏省苏州市昆山市 督导员HDK 督导员 20230723HDK 14 江苏省苏州市昆山市 督导员JXY 督导员 20230723JXY 注：作者根据访谈资料整理。 
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