Abstract: The state key laboratory is an important part of the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and it is an important support for accelerating the realization of China’s high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. High-quality Party building is an important core for the high-quality development of state key laboratories. The deep integration of Party building and scientific research and the innovation of Party building work mode are the only way to strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over science and technology and improve the effectiveness of Party building work in the state key laboratories. Based on the significance of strengthening grass-roots Party building in the development of state key laboratories under the current situation, and combined with the exploration and construction practice of Party building in the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials for 15 years, this paper puts forward the ‘141-AMM’ Party building work mode, which provides a realistic path of high-quality development from the aspects of strengthening the leading, organizing, appealing and tackling capabilities of scientific research-oriented Party organizations.