Abstract: The construction of a Chinese path to modernization in which human beings coexist harmoniously with nature is a systematic project, and it is necessary to adhere to and apply scientific positions, viewpoints and methods. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposes that “we must insist on the supremacy of the people, self-confidence and self-reliance, observance of justice and innovation, problem orientation, systematic concepts, and a mindfulness of the world”. These six aspects embody the distinctive qualities of Xi Jinping’s socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. They are not only the basic principles for writing a new chapter of the modernization of Marxism in the new era, but also the scientific methods that must be adhered to in order to build a Chinese path to modernization in which human beings and nature coexist harmoniously. Clarifying the essentials and core requirements is of great methodological and practical significance to the construction of a Chinese path to modernization with harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature.