Abstract: Distributive justice, which appeals to equal opportunity and ethical care, is the key to the construction of social public trust in the new era. Public resources are the material premise of public distribution justice, and character is the necessary condition of distribution justice. Distributive justice not only facilitates effective economic-political-social interactions and promotes the reasonable circulation of social trust, but also helps to enhance citizens’ awareness of power and rights. Strengthening the construction of social public trust in distributive justice is to realize that the power is used by the people, feelings are for the people, and the benefits are sought by the people. The practice of distributive justice should not only guard against the absolute equalization of distribution and economization that ignores individual differences, but also eliminate the dependence on status, money or relationship in the process. The ideal distribution is the unity of prioritizing efficiency and taking into account fairness, combining other-regulation and self-regulation in the distribution and development of public resources, and highlighting the principles of development, justice and sharing in the distribution. The rational distribution of public resources depends on the improvement of the ruling party’s cognitive ability, the enhancement of the consciousness of purpose to serve the people, and the awe of the objective laws of society and the people.