Exploring the Personal Information Protection from the Perspective of Prosecutorial Public Interest Litigation
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摘要: 《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》明确了个人信息保护公益诉讼制度。检察机关在办理个人信息保护公益诉讼案件中存在案件线索选择、证据收集等诉前办案难题,以及起诉法律依据、起诉标准“社会公共利益”的内涵界定、起诉主体顺位等起诉相关问题。产生上述难题的主观原因,一是未及时调整观念、没有充分借助外部力量,二是自身素能尚需提升、能动履职不足;客观原因主要包括立法粗疏、公益诉讼的特殊性等。为解决上述难题,检察机关应当注意借助公安机关、法院、其他行政机关之力获取证据;检察机关不能根据个人信息保护法提起行政公益诉讼,而只能提起民事公益诉讼,但可以根据行政诉讼法第二十五条第四款规定提起行政公益诉讼;检察机关不应作为消费者组织或者其他组织的后置起诉主体;如果检察机关既可提起民事公益诉讼,又可提起行政公益诉讼,那么一般情况下先选择行政公益诉讼;对于财产损害赔偿,建议探索适用法定损害赔偿数额标准;精神损害赔偿数额应考虑侵权人的过错性质及其程度,侵权行为的动机、手段或方式,个人信息的隐私性等因素。Abstract: The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Personal Information clarifies the system of public interest litigation for the protection of personal information. Procuratorial authorities in the handling of public interest litigation cases related to personal information protection, face difficulties in pre-litigation handling problems, as well as issues related to the legal basis for prosecution, the definition of the connotation of “social public interest” in prosecution standards, and the order of prosecution subjects. The subjective reasons for the above-mentioned difficulties are twofold: firstly, failure to adjust concepts in a timely manner and insufficient utilization of external forces, and secondly, the need to improve one’s own abilities and insufficient initiative in fulfilling duties. The objective reasons mainly include careless legislation and the particularity of public interest litigation. To solve the above difficulties, procuratorial authorities should pay attention to the power of public security organs, courts, and other administrative organs to obtain evidence. The procuratorial authorities cannot file administrative public interest litigation in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Law, but can only file civil public interest litigation and file administrative public interest litigation in accordance with Article 25 (4) of the Administrative Litigation Law. The procuratorial authorities should not be the subject of post litigation for consumer organizations or other organizations. If the procuratorial authorities can file both civil public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation, then it generally chooses administrative public interest litigation first. For property damage compensation, it is recommended to explore the application of legal compensation standards. The amount of compensation for moral damages should take into account the nature of the infringer’s fault and its degree, the motivation, means or ways of the infringing behavior, and the privacy of personal information.
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