Abstract: Social revolution is taking the liberation and development of the social productive forces as the fundamental task, and taking the realization of the universal liberation and all-round development of the people as the fundamental goal. The century-long history of social revolution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is not only a great struggle in which the Party led the people from victory to victory, but also a history of “destroying the old world and building a new world”. It is also a complete portrayal of the century-long history of self-revolution to “eliminate the impure from the pure”. In order to promote the great social revolution of the new era, the CPC needs to adhere to the scientific Marxist concept of revolution, and clarify the logical dimension and theoretical essence of social revolution in the light of the objective laws of Marxist social and historical development. In the historical context of developing contemporary Chinese Marxism and 21st century Marxism, understanding the stage-by-stage historical characteristics of the great social revolution demonstrates the crucial historical prerequisites for the great construction of Chinese-style modernization.