Entrepreneurial Failure Recovery, Entrepreneurial Motivation and Subsequent Entrepreneurial BehaviorThe Moderating Role of Regulatory Focus
-
摘要: 创业失败修复作为创业者重启创业的关键正日益受到关注，然而现有关于创业失败修复对后续创业影响机理的研究较为薄弱。文章尝试从创业失败修复视角探究激发创业失败者后续创业行为的新路径，构建创业失败修复到后续创业的概念模型。通过数据分析发现，创业失败修复对后续创业行为具有积极的影响，创业动机在创业失败修复与后续创业行为之间起到中介作用，创业失败修复和后续创业行为间的关系受到促进型聚焦的正向调节作用。文章丰富了创业失败修复和后续创业等相关理论，对后续创业者从失败中有效修复并再次创业具有重大意义。Abstract: Entrepreneurial failure recovery as a key to restarting entrepreneurship for entrepreneurs has gradually gained attention from both theoretical and practical communities. However, few existing practices and studies focus on entrepreneurial failure recovery and subsequent entrepreneurial restart, and research on the mechanism of the impact of entrepreneurial failure recovery on subsequent entrepreneurship is relatively weak. This study attempts to explore a new path to stimulate subsequent entrepreneurial behavior of failed entrepreneurs from the perspective of entrepreneurial failure recovery, construct a conceptual model of entrepreneurial failure recovery to subsequent entrepreneurship, and conduct an empirical test with 295 subsequent entrepreneurs as the research sample. The study finds that entrepreneurial failure recovery has a positive influence on subsequent entrepreneurial behavior; entrepreneurial motivation plays a mediating role between entrepreneurial failure recovery and subsequent entrepreneurial behavior. The relationship between failure recovery and subsequent entrepreneurial behavior was positively moderated by facilitative focus. Hence, this study enriches theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial failure recovery and subsequent entrepreneurship and is of great significance for subsequent entrepreneurs to effectively recover from failure and start up again.
-
表 1 问卷的验证性因子分析拟合结果表
变量 χ2/df RMSEA NFI RFI IFI TLI CFI 创业失败修复 3.809 0.098 0.954 0.941 0.966 0.955 0.966 创业动机 1.196 0.026 0.990 0.982 0.998 0.997 0.998 规则聚焦 3.645 0.095 0.926 0.908 0.946 0.932 0.945 后续创业行为 3.372 0.090 0.953 0.941 0.966 0.958 0.966 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同控制变量单因素方差分析表
控制变量 创业失败修复 创业动机 规则聚焦 后续创业行为 性别 0.820 0.002** 0.056 0.037* 年龄 0.741 0.854 0.363 0.932 受教育程度 0.721 0.401 0.858 0.026* 创业失败次数 0.039* 0.307 0.001** 0.036* 创业失败首要原因 0.012* 0.041* 0.067 0.021* 行业类型 0.020* 0.303 0.331 0.177 注：*表示路径系数显著水平 p <0.05，**表示 p <0.01，***表示p <0.001
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 创业失败修复与后续创业行为回归分析结果
变量名称 后续创业行为 M1 M2 M3 M4
控制变量性别 0.104 0.106 0.112* 0.097 受教育程度 0.062 0.058 0.041 0.050 创业失败次数 −0.027 −0.025 −0.051 −0.025 创业失败首要原因 0.131* 0.118* 0.095 0.087 预测变量 情绪修复 0.271*** 认知修复 0.439*** 行动修复 0.388*** R2 0.034 0.108 0.224 0.182 检验变量 调整R2 0.021 0.092 0.211 0.168 F 2.584 6.970 16.719 12.892 注：模型略去常数项；*p <0.05，**p <0.01，***p <0.001。
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 创业动机中介效应回归分析结果
变量名称 创业动机 后续创业行为 M5 M6 M7 M8
控制变量性别 0.165*** 0.108* −0.003 0.029 受教育程度 0.014 0.033 0.033 0.026 创业失败次数 −0.086 −0.042 0.020 −0.001 创业失败首要原因 0.070 0.056 0.033 0.022 预测变量 创业失败修复 0.603*** 0.585*** 0.297*** 创业动机 0.663*** 0.478*** R2 0.411 0.450 0.450 0.504 检验变量 调整R2 0.401 0.440 0.440 0.493 F 40.308 47.271 47.271 48.680 注：模型略去常数项；*p <0.05，**p <0.01，***p <0.001。
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 规则聚焦调节效应回归分析结果
变量名称 创业动机 后续创业行为 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 创业失败修复 0.528*** 0.496*** 0.483*** 0.555*** 0.549*** 0.560*** 0.553*** 规则聚集 0.256*** 0.285*** 0.280*** 0.281*** 创业失败修复*规则聚焦 0.024 0.095* 促进型聚焦 0.155** 0.154** 创业失败修复*促进型聚焦 0.112* 预防型聚焦 0.153** 0.153** 创业失败修复*预防型聚焦 −0.035 创业动机 0.472*** 创业动机*规则聚焦 0.053 R2 0.369 0.441 0.450 0.391 0.404 0.384 0.393 0.420 调整R2 0.453 0.429 0.437 0.379 0.389 0.379 0.378 0.428 F 29.374 37.820 33.539 30.874 27.758 30.905 26.523 32.492 注：模型略去常数项；*p <0.05，**p <0.01，***p <0.001。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 张永强,吴广昊,田媛. 创业失败、再创业决策与再创业绩效[J]. 南方经济,2022(7):103-118. [2] SHEPHERD D A,COVIN J G & KURATKO D F. Project failure from corporate entrepreneurship:managing the grief process [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2009, 24(6):588-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.009 [3] SHEPHERD D A. Grief recovery from the loss of a family business:a multi-and meso-level theory [J]. Jour nal of Business Venturing, 2009, 24(1):81-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.09.003 [4] KIM J Y,KIM J Y & MINER A S. Organizational learning from extreme performance experience:the impact of success and recovery experience [J]. Organiza tion Science, 2009, 20(6):958-978. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0439 [5] SIMMONS S A,WKLUND J & LEVIE J. Stigma and business failure:implications for entrepreneurs’ career choices [J]. Small Business Economics, 2014, 42(3):485-505. doi: 10.1007/s11187-013-9519-3 [6] 谢雅萍,陈睿君. 创业失败复原研究现状探析与未来展望[J]. 科技进步与对策,2018,35(3):153-160. [7] PLEHN-DUJOWICH J. A theory of serial entrepreneurship [J]. Small Business Economics, 2010, 35(4):377-398. doi: 10.1007/s11187-008-9171-5 [8] CARDON M S,STEVENS C E & POTTER D R. Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2011, 26(1):79-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.06.004 [9] 谢雅萍,陈睿君,黄丽清. 创业失败修复的内涵、维度及其测量[J]. 科学学研究,2020,38(6):1076-1085. [10] 原长弘,章芬,赵文红. 习惯性创业研究最新进展述评[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):149-159. [11] 闫华飞,胡蓓. 产业集群创业行为维度结构与测量[J]. 科技进步与对策,2014,31(19):51-57. [12] 何良兴. 情境知识与创业行为倾向:一个有调节的中介作用模型[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(8):155-166. [13] HAYWARD M L A,FORSTER W R,SARASVATHY S D,et al. Beyond hubris:How highly confident entrepreneurs rebound to venture again [J]. Journal of Bu siness Venturing, 2010, 25(6):569-578. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.03.002 [14] SHEPHERD D A,WIKLUND J & HAYNIE J M. Moving forward:Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure [J]. Journal of Business Ventur ing, 2009, 24(2):134-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.10.002 [15] 胡望斌,张亚会,焦康乐. 认知视角下公司创业研究述评与未来展望[J]. 管理学报,2022,19(4):611-623. [16] MITCHELL R K,BUSENITZ L W,LANT T,et al. Toward a theory of entrepreneurial cognition:rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research [J]. Entre preneurship Theory and Practice, 2002, 27(2):93-104. doi: 10.1111/1540-8520.00001 [17] WOOD M S,WILLIAMS D W & DROVER W. Past as prologue:Entrepreneurial inaction decisions and subsequent action judgments [J]. Journal of Business Ventu ring, 2017, 32(1):107-127. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.10.008 [18] 林新奇,石嘉伟. 数字经济与管理变革的关系:研究述评及其展望[J]. 北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2022,38(04):459-469. [19] 胡望斌,张玉利,杨俊. 同质性还是异质性:创业导向对技术创业团队与新企业绩效关系的调节作用研究[J]. 管理世界,2014(6):92-109,187-188. [20] 彭华涛. 连续创业者的社会网络传承及作用机理研究[J]. 管理世界,2014(4):179-180. [21] 彭少峰,赵奕钧,汪禹同. 社会资本、资源获取与返乡农民工创业绩效——基于长三角地区的实证[J]. 统计与决策,2021,37(22):81-84. [22] 汤志伟,韩啸. 政府数据开放价值共毁的生成机制:来自过程追踪法的发现[J]. 北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2022,38(5):604-612. [23] 王伟,张善良,于吉萍. 关系网络构建行为有助于提升创业绩效吗?——来自227家新创企业的微观证据[J]. 经济与管理,2018,32(1):87-92. [24] 陈姚,许艳芳,牟晞灵. 中国新生代大学生为什么要创业?——来自30所高校大学生创业动机的实证研究[J]. 中国人民大学教育学刊,2022(3):107-122. [25] 曾照英,王重鸣. 关于我国创业者创业动机的调查分析[J]. 科技管理研究,2009,29(9):285-287. [26] 姜彦福,高建,程源,等. 2002中国创业观察报告[J]. 中国新时代,2003(10):57-58. [27] 陈聪,高建,李纪珍. 创业者幸福吗?创业动机影响创业者心理幸福感的实证研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2018,39(3):144-152. [28] 于晓宇. 创业失败研究评价与未来展望[J]. 外国经济与管理,2011,33(9):19-26,58. [29] 肖芳,孙中宁. 积极心理学视角下大学生创业心理扶持体系探析[J]. 教育与职业,2020,972(20):85-89. [30] 李爱国,曾宪军. 成长经历和社会支撑如何影响大学生的创业动机?——基于创业自我效能感的整合作用[J]. 外国经济与管理,2018,40(4):30-42. [31] 陈昀,贺远琼. 创业认知研究现状探析与未来展望[J]. 外国经济与管理,2012,34(12):12-19. [32] PAIGE R C & LITTRELL M A. Craft retailers’ criteria for success and associated business strategies [J]. Jour nal of Small Business Management, 2002, 40(4):314-331. doi: 10.1111/1540-627X.00060 [33] RENKO M,SHRADER R C & SIMON M. Perception of entrepreneurial opportunity:A general framework [J]. Management Decision, 2012, 50(7):1233-1251. doi: 10.1108/00251741211246987 [34] GHAYUMI M. Achievement motivation,entrepreneurship,and economic development [J]. Life Hadith Bimon thly, 2006, 6(30):51-59. [35] BAUM J R & LOCKE E A. The relationship of entrepreneurial traits,skill,and motivation to subsequent venture growth [J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 89(4):587. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.587 [36] HIGGINS E T. Promotion and prevention:regulatory focus as a motivational principle [J]. Advances in Ex perimental Social Psychology, 1998, 30(2):1-46. [37] 苗青. 规则聚焦对创业决策的影响机制[J]. 应用心理学,2006(3):232-238. [38] 何伊丽. 动机分析新视角:调节聚焦理论[J]. 东莞理工学院学报,2015,22(4):18-22. [39] TUMASJAN A & BRAUN R. In the Eye of the Beholder:How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition [J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2012, 27(6):622-636. [40] HIGGINS E T. How self-regulation creates distinct values:the case of promotion and prevention decision making [J]. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2002, 12(3):177-191. doi: 10.1207/S15327663JCP1203_01 [41] POLLACK J M,FORSTER W R,JOHNSON P D,et al. Promotion-and prevention-focused networking and its consequences for entrepreneurial success [J]. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2015, 6(1):3-12. doi: 10.1177/1948550614543030 [42] ASPINWALL L G. Rethinking the role of positive affect in self-regulation [J]. Motivation and Emotion, 1998, 22(1):1-32. doi: 10.1023/A:1023080224401 [43] GAMACHE D L,MCNAMARA G,MANNOR M J,et al. Motivated to acquire? the impact of ceo regulatory focus on firm acquisitions [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2015, 58(4):1261-1282. doi: 10.5465/amj.2013.0377 [44] BROCKNER J,HIGGINS E T & LOW M B. Regulatory focus theory and the entrepreneurial process [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2004, 19(2):203-220. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00007-7 [45] COPE J. Entrepreneurial Learning from Failure:An interpretative phenomenological analysis [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2011, 26(6):604-623. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.06.002 [46] KURATKO D F,HORNSBY J S & NAFFZIGER D W. An examination of owner’s goals in sustaining entrepreneurship [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 1997, 35(1):24-33. [47] 史容,殷红春,魏亚平. 创业机会感知与创业动机对创业意向的影响——基于潜在科技型创业者的中介效应模型[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(5):105-110. [48] 汤丹丹,温忠麟. 共同方法偏差检验:问题与建议[J]. 心理科学,2020,43(1):215-223. [49] 陈睿君,谢雅萍,黄丽清. ISM框架下连续创业行动影响因素分析[J]. 科学学研究,2020,38(9):1662-1669. [50] 曹元坤,徐红丹. 调节焦点理论在组织管理中的应用述评[J]. 管理学报,2017,14(8):1254-1262. -
点击查看大图
图(2) / 表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 798
- HTML全文浏览量: 62
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
