A Contrastive Study of Modal Features of Participant-oriented Bundles in Conclusions of English PhD Dissertations Written by Chinese and NSE Writers
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摘要: 参与者导向词块与表达说话者态度和立场的情态意义关联，其功能在于构建作者与读者关系，拓展语篇对话空间，从而实现语篇的人际互动功能。文章基于系统功能语言学的情态系统，通过自建对比语料库，运用AntConc语料分析工具，对比分析了中外博士论文结论部分参与者导向词块的情态特征。研究表明，中外博士论文作者均善于使用情态化语块和中低值情态语块来表达客观命题的商讨性，而中国博士论文还用意态化词块融合声音介入；语法隐喻方面，双方都会运用客观情态隐喻凸显观点表达的客观性，但本族语者集中在概率类隐喻，而且中国博士论文意愿类隐喻偏多，进一步说明了中国学习者的个人介入性。Abstract: Conveying the speaker’s attitude and stance, participant-oriented bundles are related to the modality, to realize the interpersonal interaction in the discourse enacting the relationship between the writer and the speaker and their negotiation. Based on the modality in SFL and two comparative corpora, the study applies AntConc to the contrastive study of the modal features of the participant-oriented bundles in the conclusions of Chinese and native speakers’ doctoral dissertations. It is shown that Chinese learners and natives both use modalization for the proposition statements and low and medium modal bundles for the negotiation, but the former can use some bundles of modulation to show their personal involvement in the dissertation. For metaphors of modality, Chinese learners use plenty of inclinations to enhance their personal suggestions while the natives mainly focus on the probabilistic metaphors.
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Key words:
- English PhD dissertations /
- participant-oriented bundles /
- modality /
- a contrastive study
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表 1 NSD与CLD中参与者导向情态词块分布（括号内数字为形符数/个）
语义特征 NSD (304个) CLD (419个) 可能性/
能力 (187:175)it is possible that (25);
can be used to (16);
can be seen as (11);
it is possible to (10);
were more likely to (9);
are more likely to (8);
I was unable (8);
it is likely that (8);
may or may not (8);
more likely to be (7);
they were able to (7);
can account for the (6);could be used to (6);
it may be that (6);
may be able to (6);
that can be used (6);
can be applied to (5);
can be used in (5);
I was able to (5);
is likely to be (5);
it may be possible (5);
may not be the (5);
not be able to (5);
to be able to (5)are more likely to (20);
can be used to (15);
more likely to be (11);
the present study may (11);
can be regarded as (10);
can be summarized as (10);
so that they can (10);
can be attributed (9);
can be taken as (8);
can be divided into (7);
can be seen as (7);
to be able to (7);be more likely to (6);
can be used as (6);
is likely to be (6);
it can be seen (6);
the present study can (6);
can also be used (5);
can be carried out (5);
can be conducted to (5);
can be extended to (5)确定性 (46:28) it is clear that (14);
it is not clear (11);
not seem to be (8);I have argued that (7);
I argued that the (6)it is argued that (15);
it is believed that (7);
seems to be a (6)意愿/倾向 (53:104) it would be interesting (12);
it would also be (8);
it would have been (8);
would be necessary to (5);it would be useful (7);
this section I will (7);
would be able to (6)it is suggested that (29);
it is hoped that (18);
it is advisable that (11);
it is reasonable to (7);
the present study will (7);
it would be interesting (6);it would be more (6);
is hoped that the (5);
is hoped that this (5);
will shed light on (5);
would be able to (5)必要性 (10:69) it is necessary to (5);
needed in order to (5)it is necessary to (23); it is necessary to for (10);
does not necessarily mean (7); that need to be (7);
research is needed to (6); studies are needed to (6);
it has to be (5); needs to be further (5)责任(8:43) it should be noted (8) it should be noted (19); attention should be paid (7);
should be encouraged to (7); should be carried out (5);
should be taken into (5)注：下文均为词块形符数对比。 
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表 2 词块情态类型对比频次分布表
情态化 意态化 范畴 可能性/能力 确定性 意愿/倾向 必要性 责任 NSD 187 46 53 10 8 CLD 175 28 104 69 43 p值 0.490 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 注：p <0.001 (具有显著差异)，p <0.01 (具有较大差异)，p <0.05 (具有一定差异)，下文相同。
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