Abstract: General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on fostering aspiration and wisdom implicates rich philosophical principles of Marxism, as we hold that labor is the essential attribute of human beings, based on reality in doing everything, give play to the reaction of social consciousness on social existenceon, use the basic principle that internal causes determine external causes, and view with a developing insight. In practice, we should respect the subjective consciousness and pioneering spirit of the people lifted out of poverty, make clear the problems in fostering the aspiration and wisdom of the impoverished, and motivate their capacity for self-development. We should carry forward the spirit of poverty alleviation, help the poor to acquire knowledge and arouse their aspiration, provide greater support in education, break the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and ensure a smooth transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization.