Abstract: The discussion on the criterion of truth in 1978 is an ideological confrontation influencing the development process of China, and an ice breaking of ideological emancipation in 1980s in China.At the critical moment of thought and at the turning point of history, dialectics of nature with scientific rationality and critical spirit participated in the discussion of practical standard with the false and distorted theories in the fields of natural science and philosophy during the “Cultural Revolution” leaned up, becomes the sharp weapon of emancipating minds and breaking the imprisonment.Dialectics of naure played an important role in the debate.