“Good Citizen” of Hongming Gu and “Gentleman” of Elias—A Comparative Study of Typical Images between China and the West
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摘要: 辜鸿铭的“良民”根植于“道德主义”,并在儒家“国家宗教”的教化之下,被塑造成充满着仁爱并随心而活的形象;而埃利亚斯的“绅士”则是置身在由于经济发展而越发紧密和不断扩展的人际网络当中,更加敏锐的羞耻感促使“自我强制”的心理机制逐步加强而呈现出彬彬有礼的形象。两人立论相左,前者因“爱”而生,缺失理性的维度;后者被“恐惧”所囿,掩盖了“神圣的本能”即仁爱,从而塑造出互为“他者”的形象,但同时也展现出人的复杂性和多样性。两个形象在建构过程中对于情感,对于家庭教育,对于社会视域中个人的强调,也是二者的共通之处。Abstract: “Good citizen” and “gentleman” created respectively by Ku Hongming and Elias represent symbolic individuals nurtured by Chinese and Western Civilization. Positioned in a nation of “moralism” and molded by Confucian “Religion of State”,the former is gentle and ingenuous with peaceful mind and loving heart,who lives as he wishes. Situated in a more tightened and expanded network of interpersonal relationship,the latter behaves with decorum and caution,arising from more acute shame and embarrassment and more intense psychological “self-compulsion” provoked by a deep-felt sense of fright.“Good Citizen” is fruition of morality and nature;“gentleman” is crystallization of economic relationship,outcome of human conquest of nature. Therefore,Ku Hongming and Elias set out from distinctive theoretical grounding,and erect these two images as “the other” for each other. However,characterization of “good citizen” and “gentleman” attaches great importance to emotion and sentiment,to family education,and to individual associated with society,which are their commonality.
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Key words:
- good citizen /
- gentleman /
- moral being /
- sense of shame
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