Principle of “Different Meaning,Different Order” in Interpretation of Difficult Words and Sentences in Ancient Books——With Lun Yu(the Analects),Mencius and Hart Shu as Examples
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摘要: 某一词、或某一个词的多个义位,其出现的上下文条件是不同的。一个词出现在特定的句子中,该句子就已经锁定了其义位。其原理可以归纳为:意义不同,分布也不同。因此,要想知道句中某字到底是哪个词,应该考察其分布;要想知道句中某词是其本义和若干引申义中的哪一意义,应该考察其分布。其具体步骤为“书证归纳格式,格式凸显意义”。本文依据这一原理和步骤,考察了《论语》《孟子》《汉书》中的八个古今见仁见智的词句。Abstract: A word has different meanings in different context. Its meaning can be fixed in a specific sentence. This can be summarized as a principle of “different meaning,different order”.Therefore,it is the distribution of a word in a specific sentence by which the part of speech,the specific meaning,etc.of the word can be determined.The steps are:summing up the pattern by the examples from the ancient books,then fixing the meaning of the word through the pattern.The paper studies 8 am biguous words and sentences in Lun Yu(the Analects),Mencius and Han Shu according to this principle and the steps.
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Key words:
- meaning /
- distribution /
- order /
- exam plesfrom books /
- patter
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