Abstract: Mao Tsutong's viewpoint on peasantry has a great effect on the historical course of Chinese revolution and construction, and "The Report of Hunan Peasant Movement" is an important literature reflecting Mao's viewpoint on peasantry, which has been modified many times on content and words, and formed into a more complex version system. Since the difference between each version can give us abundant historical information without fail, we can master Mao Tsutong's viewpoint on peasantry more exactly by comparing several important versions word for word, and how it is going with time's floating and backgroud's changing. This can help us know Mao Tsutong Thought more deeply.