Abstract: In Second Century BC, Zhang Qian was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Western Regions, centralized state had officially begun to open, operate and include the Silk Road in the unified national system of governance. The strategic position of the Silk Road made it the object of the Central Plains and the Northern Forces with long-term confrontation and fierce competition in history. To ensure the border security and political stability, realize the benign interaction between the central and the border areas, the management of the Silk Road has become the strategic policy of the security and stability of the nation and the border areas. Taking the Han Dynasty with excavated and consolidated period of the Silk Road as the typical object, from the frontier stable and development of perspective, the paper discusses united and central state-Han's strong military defense system:reasonable military layout,the armed forces,military defense fortifications,traffic and Yi Zhan, and system of military logistics guarantees, etc., With a hope to provide a useful theoretical and practical guidance for the active exploration of the frontier security governance mode, and the promotion of the construction of "The Belt and Road".