Tracing Chinese Ancient Astronomy: The Origin and Its Impact——The Characteristics of Zhang Ruzhou's Theory System on Chinese Ancient Astronomical Calendar
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摘要: 张汝舟先生系统梳理了从观象授时到四分历产生的全过程,建立简明实用的星历观,还原四分历的算法,首创史学研究中“三证合一”的系统方法。他的理论解决了汉以前天文历法中的诸多疑难问题,成功运用于西周纪年研究中,取得了丰硕的成果。整套理论建立距今已有六十余年,置于今天蓬勃兴起的天文学史研究中,依然是独树一帜的。文章从张汝舟先生厘清“岁星纪年”“三正论”的迷雾,阐明“中流伏内”是古人定量描述星位的方法,观象授时几部要籍的比照释读,揭开“三统历”的真相,发明四分历的修正算法等几个方面具体阐释汝舟先生对古代天文历法、古史年代学研究的巨大贡献。Abstract: Mr.Zhang Ruzhou systematically sorted out the whole developing process from the theory of observing celestial phenomena and setting astral time to the Quarter Calendar.He established a concise and practical view of the ephemeris,restored the algorithm of the Quarter Calendar,and pioneered the systematic method of "Three Evidences Consistent in One" in historical research.His theory has solved many difficult problems in the astronomical calendars before the Han Dynasty,and was successfully applied in the study of the annals of the Western Zhou Dynasty,and achieved fruitful results.The entire theory has been established for more than sixty years,and it is still unique in studies of the history of astronomy that is booming today.This article presents in detail Mr.Ruzhou's enormous contribution to the study of ancient astronomical calendar and ancient history chronology in five aspects.In particular, Mr.Zhang Ruzhou clarified the mists of "Jupiter Calendar" and the statement on the "Three First Months" of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.He clarified that "Zhong, Liu, Fu and Na" are used under the ancient method for quantitatively describing the star position.He translated,compared and interpreted several important ancient books on observing celestial phenomena and setting the astral time.He revealed the truth of the "Three-General Calendar".He invented the modified algorithm of Quarter Calendar.
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