Abstract: With the efforts of emperors of Kangxi，Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty，Kangxiand Qianlong times of peace and prosperity appeared，during which the world-famous 3 hills and 5 gardens were born in Haidian District of Beijing，and the Old Summer Palace is one of them.The communication between Chinese and western cultures is not only a high driving force for the Kang and Qian times of peace and prosperity，is also an important external cause of the 3 hills and 5 gardens.A study on the background of cultural communication between China and the west in the rise of3 hills and 5 gardens with the Old Summer Palace as the center is helpful to examine and grasp the advantages and disadvantages in the process of Chinese and Western cultural communication，and helpful for us to learn from the history and face the future.