Abstract: Based on questionnaire survey and in - depth interviews,combined with relevant literature data,the author has made a comprehensive description of the living conditions of rural teachers in Northwest China. The results show that:the rural teachers' salaries have been risen. However,due to the heavy workload,low social status and self occupation identity,the impact of occupational mobility difficulties and narrow space of development,and so on,part of rural teachers feel great pressure,physical and mental fatigue,and the sense of occupational boredom. Therefore,to improve the living conditions of rural teachers in the northwest,the government needs to assume the main responsibility,continue to increase investment in education funding and optimize the allocation mechanism,optimize the combination of educational resources,optimize rural education environment;and needs to create a good social atmosphere of respect for teachers' self value and real needs;and the individual teachers should establish professional emotion in order to enhance the sense of professional achievement.