Abstract: The control of air pollution in China is a policy drive behavior.The enterprise has been in a passive position in the reduction of air pollutants emission，and failed to play a role of the subject.The reduction of the dominant position of enterprises is the key to establish a mechanism for enterprises to continue implementation of the prevention and control of air pollution.Through the analysis of the reasons for the enterprises'ineffective prevention and control of air pollution，the paper discusses the interest orientation and behavior logic of the enterprises in the prevention of air pollution，promotes a compensation mechanism for the prevention and control of air pollution to drive enterprises to reduce emissions，so as to achieve the objectives of initiative prevention and control of air pollution for enterprises.The measures for air pollution control include：the financial transfer payment，compensation mode of emission rights and deposit refund system of government，emissions trading，and one-to-one market compensation.