Abstract: Water is a fundamental natural resource and a strategic resource in economy. In China,it becomes more and more difficult to increase the water supply by conventional means of improving engineering or technical measures. The excising quota system for distributing water resources has its innate defects and disadvantages. In order to minimize and finally to eliminate the imbalance between supply and demand of water resources, the thesis argues that it is necessary to establish water rights marketing in China, and to achieve the unity of justice and efficiency in administration, therefore, we ought to bring new ideas to the administrative systems concerning water resources.