Abstract: Based on the questionnaire survey and the depth interview methods, the article describes in detail the living condition of the elderly rural people in Gansu. The results are below:the degree of education of the elderly rural people is very low, the problems of living solitary because of bereft spouse are outstanding, the income is quite limited and the source is single; the level of consumption is very low and consumption for survival is the most important; the living model is mainly living with sons and life care is scare; the social support is mainly concentrated on families and the level of life needs is low; the physical and mental health is poor and the spiritual and cultural life is deficient. Therefore, to improve the living conditions of the elderly people, the economy should be developed, the physical and mental health of the elderly people should be focused on, Chinese filial piety culture should be carried forward and the initiative of the village cadres should be incented.