The Acme of Thought that the People Are Foundation of Country or the Seed of Democracy——The Orientation of Huang Zongxi's Political Thought
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摘要: 黄宗羲从“万民忧乐”的角度对君民关系做了新的探讨,对“一家之法”与“天下之法”进行了区分,明确提出“有治法而后有治人”的思想,并试图对君权进行制约。但黄宗羲的理想仍然是“三代之治”,并无意于改变君主制,只是在不动摇君主专制政治的前提下,追求一种理想的君主原型。黄宗羲的思想缺乏现代民主政治必备的“民治”理念,因而难以对君权进行有效制约。他对理想政治的构想没有越出传统民本思想的范围,只是使民本思想达到了历史上的极限,他留给后世的只能是思想资源,而非制度资源。Abstract: Huang Zongxi gave a profound reflection to the relation between the emperor and the people under the standard of the people's worry and happiness, differentiated legal system of emperor's and the whole people's, and then appealed that good law has precedence over Man of God, and wanted to restrict the power of emperor.But his ideality still was the governance of Three generation, and did not deny the exit of emperor;he just wanted to look for the model of the ideal emperor under the governance of emperor.Huang Zongxi's thought was lack of the people-govern which was of modern democracy, so could not restrict the emperor effectively.So his ideality did not exceed the scope of the tradition, he just made the thought to its historical high-point.What he left for the descendant could only be the source of ideology, but not system.
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