Abstract: The ecocide has mainly resulted from the interest unbalance. So, it is necessary to innovate institution for protecting ecological resources. This article is composed of four parts:the first part probes into the marketisation of ecological resources; the second part evaluates the three methods of exploiting the western natural resources; and the third part adopts basic ideas of the Game theory in order to analyze the trilateral game process among central government, subnational governments and local farmers, during the large-scale returning the grain plots to forestry(grasslands):the fourth part emphasizes the institutional creation to integrate the protection of ecological resources with the programme of aid to the poor.