Abstract: The supervision system initiated by the Qin Dynasty has become an important feature of the centralized system,which has a far-reaching impact on future generations.However,the value orientation of the Qin system is to maximize the benefits.The vacancy of the Qin system in the field of ultimate value leaves room for the future generations' moral orientation of the supervision system.Since the Western Han Dynasty,the operation of the supervision system not only followed the principle of“politics”,but also had the meaning of“teaching”.The supervisory system in Song Dynasty made a great breakthrough in Sui and Tang Dynasty,and the implementation of the integration of Tai Jian and Tang Jian became a catalyst for the party's struggle.The supervisory officials represented by the Six Sections in Ming Dynasty were inferior and weighted,and the major political disturbances in the “Gou Si Jing Jian” incident showed the imbalance between “government” and “education” in the supervisory system in Ming Dynasty.Institution once fell into alienation supervision centered on compact monologue,which was rooted in the single-line governance pattern of monarchy totalitarianism.“Politics” and “education” have become the most important contents in the value orientation of Chinese traditional supervisory system.The evolution of the traditional supervisory system also reflects the extremely delicate and complicated relationship between them.