Equalitarianism,Utilitarianism, and Fair Social Contract
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摘要: 在学术上,“公平”这一概念深刻地影响着如何对人的行为进行描述。而一旦涉及到对“公平”含义的理解,则表现得相当复杂。论文着重阐述的是罗尔斯(Rawls)、穆勒、哈萨尼(John Hansanyi)以及宾默(Ken Binmore)在此问题上的不同观点。罗尔斯提出了著名的公平正义原则;穆勒对罗尔斯的两个原则、哈萨尼对罗尔斯的平均主义(最大最小化原则)提出了质疑,而宾默则通过在公平社会契约形成的过程中引入“生存博弈”和“道德博弈”的概念,并通过引入“移情偏好”这一分析工具,重塑了一个可以判断“平均主义”和“功利主义”并非永不相容的理论模型。Abstract: This paper mainly focused on description of statements of fairness from Rawls & Hansanyi and Ken Binmore separately in this domain.By introducing concepts of "Game of Morals" and the like, a reconsideration, from the new perspective of Ken Binmore, is made about whether the "Egalitarianism" and "Utilitarianism" is always incompatible during the formation and the realization of the fair social contract.
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Key words:
- original position /
- Difference Principle /
- interpersonal comparison /
- empathetic preferences /
- evolution
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