Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the status quo of college freshmen optimism level and cognitive function, the American famous psychologist Seligman's attributional style questionnaire and Burns' dysfunctional attitudes scale are conducted with 300 freshmen at the same time. The study finds:the freshmen show a more pessimistic attributional style in life events, and the overall level of optimism is lower; the gender difference has a significant influence on the attributional style of the group; the general cognitive function of this group is coordinated, but there is a tendency of perfectness and a strong sense of qualification; and there are many factors related to the relationship between attributional style in functional scores and comprehensive score of cognitive dimension of the group. The optimistic psychological quality can be cultivated by adjusting the values of college freshmen.