Abstract: In the 1930s, in the field of thought and culture CPC and some left-wing intellectuals launched the New Enlightenment Movement aiming to resist Japan and save the nation and disseminate Marxism. Chen Boda, as one of the leaders in the field of thought and culture, and the minister of propaganda of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of CPC, played an essential and fundamental role at all the stages of the New Enlightenment Movement:the beginning, development, climax and end. Starting from the relationship of Chen Boda and New Enlightenment Movement, the paper states systematically the motive and train of thought of his launch of New Enlightenment Movement, reveals his theoretical contribution in the process of the Movement, and then makes objective judgment on Chen's role in the New Enlightenment Movement.