Abstract: In the current management of university teachers, the outmoded idea of assigning a job in accordance with seniority and following others at every step has been eradicated.Ability-based management theory based on assumption of "man as able" has begun to show itself in the management of university teachers.This paper firstly introduces basic contents of ability-based management theory, then discloses the existing problems in the management of university teachers and finally tries to make ability-based management theory practical to the management of university teachers so as to futher promote the level of management of university teachers in China.