Abstract: The key issue to Chinese modernization is to achieve national independence, social liberation, national reconstruction and economic development in modern China.On the above four issues, the KMT and the CPC formed different ideas on the settlement of Chinese modernization.On the national independence, the KMT could not always adhere to resist imperialism, and the CPC insisted on anti-imperialist firmly and thoroughly and in pursuit of national independence;On social liberation, the KMT tried to realize modernization on the basis of preserving feudal system, so it was unable to achieve social liberation truly.But the CPC thought that it must abolish the feudal land ownership, liberate the peasants, and get the realization of social emancipation;On the reconstruction of the country, the KMT adhered to the one-party dictatorship, established a personal dictatorship for purpose of the authority Government.But the CPC proposed a program of new democratic republic of national reconstruction;On the issue of economic development, the KMT adhered to the way of bureaucratic capital which was controlled by the Government.But the CPC proposed the new-economy program.Two different ideas of Chinese modernization decided that the KMT and the CPC had different fate.