Abstract: Taking the land reform in the South of Jiangsu Province in the early new China as an example,the article inspects on the situation of the CPC mobilizing the farmers to take part in the land reform and the awakening of farmers' political consciousness.In the author's view, the farmers had weak political awareness and low political status;however,they were stimulated high political enthusiasm and broke out an alarming political energy,which were inseparable to the CPC's mobilizatin and education in the land reform. The awakening farmers took part in the village political organizations and all kinds of political activities actively. They became the main part of rural basic organizations, which changed the political structure of rural society.