Abstract: In the history of People's Republic of China occurred the most serious economic difficulties during the period of 1959-1961, and it was a disaster especially in agriculture, with the production in the state of "paralysis" and the quality of farmer's life in the lower level rarely seen in the history.The author makes a research of nine villages in Nanyang region, discussing the population and the state of the families in detail during this period of time, which will lead to a further academic study of the history of this period of time.