A Quantitative and Qualitative Study on How Chinese Incomplete Motor Aphasics Recognize Chinese Language Chunks
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摘要: 研究采用定量与定性结合的研究方法,考察了汉语不完全运动性失语症患者语块识别能力以及造成他们语块识别能力低下的原因。研究发现:(1)汉语不完全运动性失语症患者语块识别能力严重缺损,但患者语块听辨和视辨无显著差异;(2)患者语块识别能力缺损主要表现在转喻、隐喻、携带有态度意义的固定短语(成语、惯用语),以及具有否定意义的固定搭配的识别上;(3)患者识别名词词组类语块的能力与正常人差异不大;(4)造成患者语块识别能力低下的原因有两方面:(1)语块复杂的语法、逻辑及语义结构增加了患者的认知加工负担;(2)患者认知能力或概念整合能力受损使得语块识别任务难以完成。该研究有助于我们进一步探究大脑损伤与语块结构的关联,补充和完善语言学相关理论,寻找如何将语块和失语症患者康复相结合的路径①。Abstract: By employing quantitative and qualitative methods,the present article aims to study how Chinese incomplete motor aphasics recognize Chinese language chunks,and why they have a lot of difficulties in recognizing them.Findings are as follows:(1)Aphasics'recognition ability of Chinese language chunks has been greatly damaged,but their aural and visual recognition abilities of chunks don't vary very much;(2)Aphasics have great difficulties in recognizing metaphoric and metonymic phrases,fixed phrases(Chinese idioms and idiomatic expressions)with emotional meanings,and fixed collocations with negative meanings;(3)In recognizing noun phrases,aphasics'recognition ability is very similar to normals'.Reasons for their reduced ability to recognize Chinese language chunks are mainly two:①Chinese language chunks consist of complicated grammar structure,logic structure and semantic structure,which increase the cognitive burdens of aphasics;②Aphasics'cognitive ability or specifically conceptual blending ability is greatly damaged,which makes the chunks recognition tasks harder.This study is helpful for further studies on the connections between brain damages and structures of Chinese language chunks.It can also help us to replenish some relative linguistic theories and to find ways to connect language chunks with the recovery of aphasics.
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